// Copyright 2026 Umbra Tools (umbratools.com)
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

package com.bm.pagescribe.ocr

import kotlin.math.max

/**
 * Turns a page's OCR lines into flowing text.
 *
 * OCR hands back one entry per *visual* line, but a book page is paragraphs.
 * The join rules below are the standard ones:
 *
 *  - a line indented from the left margin starts a paragraph,
 *  - a line that stops well short of the right margin ends one,
 *  - an unusually tall gap means a section break,
 *  - three or more consecutive short lines are verse (or a list) and keep their
 *    line breaks instead of being folded into one paragraph,
 *  - a word split with a hyphen at the line end is glued back together.
 */
object ParagraphReflow {

    /** A line this much narrower than the body is not body text. */
    private const val SHORT_LINE = 0.72

    /** End-of-paragraph shortfall, as a fraction of the text block width. */
    private const val SHORTFALL = 0.15

    /** Gap that signals a break, as a multiple of the normal line gap. */
    private const val SECTION_GAP = 2.2

    /** First-line indent, as a fraction of the body line height. */
    private const val INDENT_FACTOR = 0.7

    /** Minimum verse run before line breaks are preserved. */
    private const val VERSE_RUN = 3

    private const val NON_BREAKING_SPACE = '\u00A0'
    private const val FIGURE_SPACE = '\u2007'
    private const val SOFT_HYPHEN = '\u00AD'

    private val NO_SPACE_BEFORE = charArrayOf(',', '.', ';', ':', '!', '?', ')', ']')

    fun toText(lines: List<OcrLine>): String {
        if (lines.isEmpty()) return ""
        val ordered = lines.sortedWith(compareBy({ it.centerY }, { it.left }))
        if (ordered.size == 1) return normalize(ordered.first().text)

        val bodyWidth = ordered.filter { it.trimmed.length >= 15 }.map { it.width }
            .medianInt(ordered.map { it.width }.medianInt(1.0))
            .coerceAtLeast(1.0)
        val bodyHeight = ordered.map { it.height }.medianInt(1.0).coerceAtLeast(1.0)
        val textLeft = ordered.minOf { it.left }
        val textRight = ordered.maxOf { it.right }
        val blockWidth = (textRight - textLeft).coerceAtLeast(1)

        val gaps = ArrayList<Double>(ordered.size)
        for (i in 1 until ordered.size) {
            val gap = ordered[i].top - ordered[i - 1].bottom
            if (gap > 0) gaps.add(gap.toDouble())
        }
        val medianGap = gaps.medianDouble(1.0).coerceAtLeast(1.0)

        val indentThreshold = max(6.0, INDENT_FACTOR * bodyHeight)
        val shortfallThreshold = SHORTFALL * blockWidth
        val short = BooleanArray(ordered.size) { ordered[it].width <= SHORT_LINE * bodyWidth }
        val verse = verseBlocks(short)

        val out = StringBuilder()
        for (i in ordered.indices) {
            val line = ordered[i]
            val text = normalize(line.text)
            if (i == 0) {
                out.append(text)
                continue
            }
            val previousText = normalize(ordered[i - 1].text)
            val previous = ordered[i - 1]

            val separator = when {
                verse[i] && verse[i - 1] -> "\n"
                verse[i] || verse[i - 1] -> "\n\n"
                line.left - textLeft >= indentThreshold -> "\n\n"
                textRight - previous.right >= shortfallThreshold -> "\n\n"
                line.top - previous.bottom >= SECTION_GAP * medianGap -> "\n\n"
                else -> ""
            }

            if (separator.isNotEmpty()) {
                out.append(separator).append(text)
                continue
            }
            if (text.isEmpty()) continue

            // The previous line is already in [out], so only the join is added:
            // glue a hyphen (dropping the one already written), keep punctuation
            // tight, otherwise insert a single space.
            val lastChar = previousText.lastOrNull()
            if (lastChar == '-' || lastChar?.code == SOFT_HYPHEN.code) {
                if (text.first().isLowerCase()) {
                    out.setLength(out.length - 1)
                    out.append(text)
                } else {
                    out.append(text)
                }
            } else if (text.first() in NO_SPACE_BEFORE) {
                out.append(text)
            } else {
                out.append(' ').append(text)
            }
        }
        return out.toString()
    }

    /**
     * How to join page N with page N+1 when the whole book is assembled: prose
     * that runs off the bottom of a page continues on the next without becoming
     * a new paragraph.
     */
    fun joinPages(previous: String, next: String): String {
        val left = previous.trimEnd()
        val right = next.trimStart()
        if (left.isEmpty()) return right
        if (right.isEmpty()) return left

        val midSentence = left.lastOrNull()?.let { !it.isTerminal() } ?: false
        val startsLower = right.first().isLowerCase()
        if (!midSentence || !startsLower) return "$left\n\n$right"

        if (left.endsWith('-')) return left.dropLast(1) + right
        return "$left $right"
    }

    private fun Char.isTerminal(): Boolean =
        this == '.' || this == '!' || this == '?' || this == ':' ||
            this == '"' || this == '\'' || this == '\u2019' || this == '\u201D' ||
            this == ')' || this == ']' || this == '\u2026'

    /** Marks lines that sit inside a run of at least [VERSE_RUN] short lines. */
    private fun verseBlocks(short: BooleanArray): BooleanArray {
        val verse = BooleanArray(short.size)
        var i = 0
        while (i < short.size) {
            if (!short[i]) {
                i++
                continue
            }
            var end = i
            while (end < short.size && short[end]) end++
            if (end - i >= VERSE_RUN) {
                for (k in i until end) verse[k] = true
            }
            i = end
        }
        return verse
    }

    /** Collapses the stray double spaces and exotic spaces OCR likes to emit. */
    private fun normalize(text: String): String =
        text.replace(NON_BREAKING_SPACE, ' ')
            .replace(FIGURE_SPACE, ' ')
            .trim()
            .replace(Regex(" {2,}"), " ")
}